سنتز و شناسایی نانوذرات سوپرپارامغناطیسی اکسید گرافن- اکسید آهن پوشانده‌شده با چیتوزان و اصلاح‌شده با اسید امینه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• معصومه عمادی ¹
• بیژن هنرور ²
• رضا زارعی نژاد ²

¹ گروه شیمی دانشکده علوم دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مرودشت

² گروه مهندسی شیمی، واحد مرودشت ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، مرودشت ، ایران

چکیده

نانوذرات موادی امیدبخش با کاربرد‌های مختلف هستند که اصلاح سطح آن‌ها یک تکنیک مهم برای توسعه‌ی این کارآیی‌ها می‌باشد. در این پژوهش یک نانوساختار جدید طی چهار مرحله سنتز شد که می‌تواند به منظور حذف آلاینده‌ها از پساب مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. نخست نانوذرات اکسید گرافن (GO) به روش هامر اصلاح‌شده سنتز و سپس با ترسیب هم‌زمان یون‌های فروس و فریک در یک محیط بازی بر سطح نانوذرات، اکسید گرافن‌، مغناطیسی گردید. پس از آن نانوذرات اکسید گرافن مغناطیسی (m-GO) با پلیمرهای ساکاریدی چیتوزان، با اتصال کووالانسی پوشش داده شدند. سپس نانوذرات اکسید گرافن مغناطیسی پوشش داده شده با چیتوزان (m-GO@Chi)، با روش اتصال عرضی به ترکیب بازشیف سیستئین-گلوتارآلدهید (CG) متصل شده و سطح آن‌ با اسیدآمینه‌ی گوگرددار سیستئین اصلاح شد (m-GO@Chi-Cys). بعد از آن فرآیند اصلاح سطح نانوذرات با استفاده از آنالیزهای شناسایی، بررسی شد. نتایج طیف‌سنجی FT-IR حاکی از آن بود که اصلاح سطح در هر مرحله موفقیت‌آمیز بوده و حضور گروه‌های عاملی اپوکسید، کربونیل، آمینو و تیول در سطح نانوذرات تایید شد. مطابق تصاویر FESEM، ذرات GO سنتز شده دو بعدی و با ضخامت میانگین 165-29 نانومتر بودند و پس از مغناطیسی شدن، نانوذرات اکسید آهن با اندازه‌ی میانگین 50-35 نانومتر در سطح GO مشاهده شد. جهت بررسی خواص مغناطیسی نانوذرات از آنالیز VSM استفاده شد. عدم وجود پسماند در نمودار مغناطیسی شدن نانوذرات و کاهش قابل اغماض در مغناطش اشباع نانوذرات m-GO@Chi-Cys در مقایسه با m-GO را نشان داد که به دلیل حضور لایه‌ی نازک چیتوزان بر روی ذرات اولیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• نانوذرات اصلاح‌شده
• سوپرپارامغناطیس
• اکسید گرافن
• مگنتیت
• سیستئین

20.1001.1.22285946.1397.9.34.5.1

---

عنوان مقاله [English]

synthesis and Identification of superparamagnetic graphene oxide- Iron oxide nanoparticles coated by chitosan and modified by Amino acid

نویسندگان [English]

• Masoomeh Emadi ¹
• bizhan honarvar ²
• Reza Zareinezhad ²

¹ Chemistry department. Islamic Azad university, Marvdasht Branch, Marvdasht Iran

² Department of Chemical engineering, Marvdasht Branch , Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht , Iran

چکیده [English]

Nanoparticles are promising materials with a variety of applications, whose surface modification is an important technique for developing these applications. In this study, a new nanostructure was synthesized in four steps that can be used to remove pollutants from wastewater. Firstly, the graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO) were synthesized by the modified Hummer method, and then by simultaneous precipitation of ferrous and ferric ions in based atmosphere on the surface of GO, graphene oxide was magnetized. Subsequently, magnetic nanoparticles of graphene oxide (m-GO) coated by chitosan saccharide polymer with covalent bonding. The magnetic graphene oxide nanoparticles coated with chitosan (m-GO@Chi) were bonded to the cysteine-glutaraldehyde schiff’s base (CG) with cross-linking method and their surface modified with cysteine (m-GO@Chi-Cys). After that, the nanoparticle surface correction process was investigated by using og identification analyzes. The results of the FT-IR spectroscopy indicated that surface modification was successful at each stage and the presence of epoxide, carbonyl, amino, and thiol functional groups at the nanoparticles level was confirmed. According to FESEM images, GO particles were synthesized in two dimensional and average thicknesses of 29-165nm and after magnetization, iron oxide nanoparticles with a mean size of 35-50nm were observed at the GO level. VSM analysis was used to study the magnetic properties of nanoparticles. The absence of residues in the nanosize magneticization curve and the negligible reduction in the saturation magnetization of m-GO@Chi-Cys nanoparticles, as compared to m-GO, is due to the presence of thin layer of chitosan on the primary particles.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Modified nanoparticles
• Superparamagnetism
• Graphene oxide
• Magnetite
• Cysteine

مراجع

References:
1-Salgot, M. and M. Folch, Wastewater treatment and water reuse. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 2018. 2: p. 64-74.      

2-Peng, W., et al., A review on heavy metal ions adsorption from water by graphene oxide and its composites. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2017. 230: p. 496-504.

3-Jamaly, S., et al., A short review on reverse osmosis pretreatment technologies. Desalination, 2014. 354: p. 30-38.           

4-Kim, B.-K., et al., Application of ionic liquids for metal dissolution and extraction. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2018. 61: p. 397-388.          

5-Hao, J., et al., Rapid, efficient and economic removal of organic dyes and heavy metals from wastewater by zinc-induced in-situ reduction and precipitation of graphene oxide. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2018. 88: p. 137-145.

6-Luo, T., S. Abdu, and M. Wessling, Selectivity of ion exchange membranes: A review. Journal of Membrane Science, 2018. 555: p. 429-454.

7-Bansod, B., et al., A review on various electrochemical techniques for heavy metal ions detection with different sensing platforms. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2017. 94: p. 443-455       .

8-Ramsden, J.J., Chapter 4 - Why Nanotechnology?. in Applied Nanotechnology (Third Edition), J.J. Ramsden, Editor. 2018, William Andrew Publishing. p. 47-57.

 

9-س. شیخعلی، م. عمادی، ن. کراچی، "بررسی سینتیک و مدل‌های ایزوترمی جذب رنگ‌های آلی بوسیله‌ی نانوذرات مغناطیسی"، مجله‌ی مواد نوین، جلد 5، شماره‌ی 4، ص 42-29، تابستان 1394.      

10-Akhlaghian, F., M. Ghadermazi, and B. Chenarani, Removal of phenolic compounds by adsorption on nano structured aluminosilicates. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2014. 2(1): p. 543-549.

11-Ren, S., P. Rong, and Q. Yu, Preparations, properties and applications of graphene in functional devices: A concise review. Ceramics International, 2018. 44(11): p. 11940-11955.

12-Kumar, A., et al., Low temperature synthesis and field emission characteristics of single to few layered graphene grown using PECVD. Applied Surface Science, 2017. 402: p. 161-167.     

13-Cheng, G.-W., et al., Fabrication of graphene from graphite by a thermal assisted vacuum arc discharge system. Superlattices and Microstructures, 2017. 104: p. 258-265.

14-Hazarika, A., et al., Microwave-induced hierarchical iron-carbon nanotubes nanostructures anchored on polypyrrole/graphene oxide-grafted woven Kevlar® fiber. Composites Science and Technology, 2016. 129: p. 137-145.    

15-Jiang, F., et al., A novel synthesis route of graphene via microwave assisted intercalation-exfoliation of graphite. Materials Letters, 2017. 200: p. 39-42.          

16-Janowska, I., et al., Catalytic unzipping of carbon nanotubes to few-layer graphene sheets under microwaves irradiation. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2009. 371(1): p. 22-30.

17-ف. قاسمی، س. داداشیان، ف. باورسی‌ها، "سنتز نانوکامپوزیت‌های  با ساختار هسته-پوسته و بررسی خواص مغناطیسی آن‌ها"، مجله‌ی مواد نوین، جلد 8، شماره‌ی 3، ص 60-51، بهار 1397.           

18-Mohammed, L., et al., Magnetic nanoparticles for environmental and biomedical applications: A review. Particuology, 2017. 30: p. 1-14.         

19-Khalil, M.I., Co-precipitation in aqueous solution synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles using iron(III) salts as precursors. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2015. 8(2): p. 279-284.

20-Li, Y., et al., Single-microemulsion-based solvothermal synthesis of magnetite microflowers. Ceramics International, 2014. 40(3): p. 4791-4795.      

21-Attallah, O.A., E. Girgis, and M.M.S.A. Abdel-Mottaleb, Synthesis of non-aggregated nicotinic acid coated magnetite nanorods via hydrothermal technique. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2016. 399: p. 58-63.           

22-Rahmawati, R., et al., Optimization of Frequency and Stirring Rate for Synthesis of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles by Using Coprecipitation- Ultrasonic Irradiation Methods. Procedia Engineering, 2017. 170: p. 55-59.           

23-Hedayatnasab, Z., F. Abnisa, and W.M.A.W. Daud, Review on magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic nanofluid hyperthermia application. Materials & Design, 2017. 123: p. 174-196.        

24-Ahmed, S., et al., A review on chitosan centred scaffolds and their applications in tissue engineering. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2018. 116: p. 849-862.

25-Hosseinzadeh, H. and S. Ramin, Effective removal of copper from aqueous solutions by modified magnetic chitosan/graphene oxide nanocomposites. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2018. 113: p. 859-868.

26-Jiang, Y., et al., Magnetic chitosan–graphene oxide composite for anti-microbial and dye removal applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2016. 82: p. 702-710. 

27-Seidi, S., et al., Magnetic nanocomposite of chitosan-Schiff base grafted graphene oxide for lead analysis in whole blood. Analytical Biochemistry, 2018. 553: p. 28-37.

28-Sheshmani, S., A. Ashori, and S. Hasanzadeh, Removal of Acid Orange 7 from aqueous solution using magnetic graphene/chitosan: A promising nano-adsorbent. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2014. 68: p. 218-224.

29-Kefeni, K.K., B.B. Mamba, and T.A.M. Msagati, Application of spinel ferrite nanoparticles in water and wastewater treatment: A review. Separation and Purification Technology, 2017. 188: p. 399-422.

30-Banazadeh, A., S. Mozaffari, and B. Osoli, Facile synthesis of glutamine functionalized magnetic graphene oxide nanosheets: Application in solid phase extraction of cadmium from environmental sample. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2015. 3(4): p. 2801-2808.

31-Wang, H., R. Li, and Z. Li, Nanohybrid of Co3O4 and histidine-functionalized graphene quantum dots for electrochemical detection of hydroquinone. Electrochimica Acta, 2017. 255: p. 323-334.  

32-Mollarasouli, F., et al., Ultrasensitive determination of receptor tyrosine kinase with a label-free electrochemical immunosensor using graphene quantum dots-modified screen-printed electrodes. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2018. 1011: p. 28-34.

33-Chandra, V., et al., Water-Dispersible Magnetite-Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites for Arsenic Removal. ACS Nano, 2010. 4(7): p. 3979–3986.          

34-Teymourian, H., A. Salimi, and S. Khezrian, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide nanosheets as a novel electrochemical and bioeletrochemical sensing platform. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2013. 49: p. 1-8.

35-Haridas, V., S. Sugunan, and B.N. Narayanan, One-pot low-temperature green synthesis of magnetic graphene nanocomposite for the selective reduction of nitrobenzene. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2018. 262: p. 287-293            .

36-Ye, N., et al., Synthesis of magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan composite and its application for protein adsorption. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2014. 45: p. 8-14.          

37-Abou El-Reash, Y.G., Magnetic chitosan modified with cysteine-glutaraldehyde as adsorbent for removal of heavy metals from water. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2016. 4(4): p. 3835-3847.      

38-Yuan, R., et al., Efficient synthesis of graphene oxide and the mechanisms of oxidation and exfoliation. Applied Surface Science, 2017. 416: p. 868-877.       

39-Yu, B., et al., Adsorption behaviors of tetracycline on magnetic graphene oxide sponge. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2017. 198: p. 283-290.         

40-Hosseinzadeh, H. and S. Ramin, Effective removal of copper from aqueous solutions by modified magnetic chitosan/graphene oxide nanocomposites. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2018. 113: p. 859-868.

41-Banazadeh, A., S. Mozaffari, and B. Osoli, Facile synthesis of cysteine functionalized magnetic graphene oxide nanosheets: Application in solid phase extraction of cadmium from environmental sample. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2015. 3(4): p. 2801-2808.

42-Shen, Q., et al., Highly sensitive photoelectrochemical cysteine sensor based on reduced graphene oxide/CdS:Mn nanocomposites. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2015. 759: p. 61-66.        

43-Liu, J., et al., Synthesis of thiol-functionalized magnetic graphene as adsorbent for Cd(II) removal from aqueous systems. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2015. 3(2): p. 617-621. 

44-Cui, X., et al., Sonochemical fabrication of folic acid functionalized multistimuli-responsive magnetic graphene oxide-based nanocapsules for targeted drug delivery. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017. 326: p. 839-848.