The role of Ex-situ 0.5wt.% B4C reinforcement and later formed In–situ TiC and TiBw on microstructural evolution of Ti-10Mo mixed powder alloy

Ranjbari, Marjan; Azadbeh, Maziyar; Sabahi Namini, Abbas

doi:10.30495/jnm.2023.32053.2003

The role of Ex-situ 0.5wt.% B4C reinforcement and later formed In–situ TiC and TiBw on microstructural evolution of Ti-10Mo mixed powder alloy

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran

² Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

10.30495/jnm.2023.32053.2003

Abstract

Abstract
Introduction: In titanium-molybdenum composites reinforced with boron carbide particles, which are produced by spark plasma sintering method, the reaction between the matrix and reinforcement particles can lead to the formation of TiB + TiC hybrid composition. On the other hand, the crystal structure of titanium-molybdenum alloys is strongly depend on the amount of molybdenum added and according to the results obtained in previous researches, it has been determined that in order to achieve a uniform distribution of alpha + beta dual phase structure and optimal mechanical properties, at least 10% of molybdenum should be added to titanium. Therefore, the main purpose of this research, is evaluating the effect of adding 0.5% of boron carbide to the Ti-10Mo mixed powder, SPSed at various sintering temperature on densification, enhancing Mo diffusion in Ti (which leads to microstructural evolution to β and α+β), and the formation of in-situ hybrid reinforcement.
Methods: In this research, Ti–10 wt.% Mo–0.5 wt.% B₄C composite samples was consolidated in a SPS machine following cold uniaxial precompaction by applying maximum 10 MPa and then SPS in vacuum below 1 Pa at 1150, 1300 and 1450°C with 50°C/min heating rate under 20 MPa pressure. Subsequently at each sintering temperature the applied pressure was increased to 50 MPa and the final holding time at that temperature was 5 min.Microstructural changes and physical and mechanical properties of produced composites were evaluated in order to measure the effect of increasing temperature and determining the mechanism. In addition, to get more information concerning microstructural evolution, qualitative investigations such as phase analysis of sintered samples to know constituents phases, were performed.
Findings: The results showed that the density increased with the rising sintering temperature. Also, the reaction between boron carbide particles with the matrix has been encouraged with sintering temperature and led to the formation of TiB and TiC in situ reinforcements. On the other hand, relatively uniform distributed of ex-situ and in-situ reinforcements is important in improved mechanical properties. Here, uniformly distributed Mo particles and their diffusion to matrix is important in better homogenization.

Keywords

20.1001.1.22285946.1401.13.50.2.8

References

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[9] A. Sabahi Namini, S.A.A. Dilawary, A. Motallebzadeh, M.Shahedi Asl, "Effect of TiB2 addition on the elevated temperature tribological behavior of spark plasma sintered Ti matrix composite," Compos. Part B Eng (2019).172, p. 271–280.

[10] M.D. Hayat, H. Singh, Z. He, P. Cao, "Titanium metal matrix composites:an overview," Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf (2019).121, p. 418–438.

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[12] X. Wang, L. Wang, F. Yang, L. Luo, H. Yan, X. Liu, X. Li, R.Chen, Y. Su, J. Guo, H. Fu, "Hydrogen induced microstructure evolution of titanium matrix composites," Int. J. Hydrogen Energy.2018. 43, p. 9838–9847.

[13] K. Shirvanimoghaddam, E. Ghasali, A. Pakseresht, S.M.R.Derakhshandeh, M. Alizadeh, T. Ebadzadeh, M. Naebe, "Super hard carbon microtubes derived from natural cotton for development of high performance titanium composites," J. Alloys Compd. (2019).775 , p. 601–616.

[14] T. Fujii, K. Tohgo, M. Iwao, Y. Shimamura, "Fabrication of alumina-titanium composites by spark plasma sintering and their mechanical properties," J. Alloys Compd 2018. 744, p. 759–768.

[15] Z. Fang, Sintering of advanced materials, Elsevier, 2010.

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[18] A. Sabahi Namini ,M.Shahedi Asl, A.Delbari, "Influence of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical," Metals and Materials International (2019).

[19] Locci, A.M., et al, "Effect of ball milling on simultaneous spark plasma synthesis and densification of TiC–TiB₂ composites," 2006. 434(1-2), pp. 23-29.

[20] Suárez, M., et al., "Challenges and opportunities for spark plasma sintering," a key technology for a new generation of materials.(2013).13, pp. 319-342.

[21] P. Mohan, D.K. Rajak, C.I. Pruncu, A. Behera, V. Amigó-Borrás, A.B. Elshalakany, "Influence of β-phase stability in elemental blended Ti-Mo and Ti-Mo-Zr alloys," Micron, 102992 (2021) , 142.

[22] ز.نقدی، م.آزادبه، م.ر.اطمینان فر، ل.فتح یونس, "پوشش دهی الکتروشیمیایی کلسیم فسفات بر روی زیرلایه کامپوزیتی Ti-10Mo-X(TiC&TiB₂) تهیه شده به روش تفجوشی قوس پلاسما," فصل نامه ی علمی - پژوهشی مواد نوین، دوره 13 . شماره 48، تابستان 1401، صفحه 33-52.

[23] V.S. Balaji, S. Kumaran, "Densification and microstructural studies of titanium–boron carbide powder mixture during sparkplasma sintering," Powder Technol. (2014).264 , p. 536–540.

[24] L. Jia, S. Li, H. Imai, B. Chen, K. Kondoh, "Size effect of B₄C powders on metallurgical reaction and resulting tensile properties of Ti matrix composites by in-situ reaction from Ti–B₄C system under a relatively low temperature," Mater. Sci. Eng. (2014) A. 614, pp. 129-135.

[25] L. Jia, X. Wang, B. Chen, H. Imai, S. Li, Z. Lu, K. Kondoh, "Microstructural evolution and competitive reaction behavior of Ti–B₄C system under solid-state sintering," J. Alloys Compd.2016, 687, p. 1004–1011.

[26] S. Xu, C. Zhou, Y. Liu, B. Liu, K. Li, " Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–15Mo–xTiC composites fabricated by in-situ reactive sintering and hot swaging," J. Alloys Compd.2018 ,738, p. 188–196.

[27] M. Shahedi Asl, A. Sabahi Namini, A. Motallebzadeh, M. Azadbeh, "Effects of sintering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered titanium," Mater.Chem. Phys. (2018).203, p. 266–273.

[28] S. Li, K. Kondoh, H. Imai, B. Chen, L. Jia, J. Umeda, "Microstructure and mechanical properties of P/M titanium matrix composites reinforced by in-situ synthesized TiC–TiB," Mater.Sci. Eng. (2015).A. 628, p. 75–83.

[29] D. Annur, I. Kartika, S. Supriadi, B. Suharno, "Titanium and titanium based alloy prepared by spark plasma sintering method for biomedical implant applications," Mater. Res. Express 8, 012001 (2021).

[30] German, R. M., Powder metallurgy science, Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College Rd. E, Princeton, N. J. 08540, U. S. A, 1984. 279.

The role of Ex-situ 0.5wt.% B4C reinforcement and later formed In–situ TiC and TiBw on microstructural evolution of Ti-10Mo mixed powder alloy

References

[2] M. Donachie, Titanium a technical guide, ASM international, 2000.

[3] Ltjering, G. and J. Williams, Titanium, Engineering Materials and Processes, Springer Berlin, 2007.

[4] Leyens, C. and M. Peters, Titanium and titanium alloys: fundamentals and applications, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.

[5] Lütjering, G.J.M.S. and E. A, "Influence of processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of (α+β) titanium alloys," (1998).243(1-2), pp. 32-45.

[6] S.A. Delbari, A. Sabahi Namini, M. Shahedi Asl, "Hybrid Ti matrix composites with TiB₂ and TiC compounds," Mat. Today.comm, 2019.

[7] D. Hill, Microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium alloys reinforced with titanium boride, The Ohio State University, 2006.

[8] Qian, M. and F.H. Froes, Titanium powder metallurgy, science, technology and applications, 2015.

[9] A. Sabahi Namini, S.A.A. Dilawary, A. Motallebzadeh, M.Shahedi Asl, "Effect of TiB2 addition on the elevated temperature tribological behavior of spark plasma sintered Ti matrix composite," Compos. Part B Eng (2019).172, p. 271–280.

[10] M.D. Hayat, H. Singh, Z. He, P. Cao, "Titanium metal matrix composites:an overview," Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf (2019).121, p. 418–438.

[11] E.L. Calvert, A.J. Knowles, J.J. Pope, D. Dye, M. Jackson, "Novel high strength titanium–titanium composites produced using field assisted sintering technology (FAST)," Scr. Mater. (2019).159, p. 51–57.

[12] X. Wang, L. Wang, F. Yang, L. Luo, H. Yan, X. Liu, X. Li, R.Chen, Y. Su, J. Guo, H. Fu, "Hydrogen induced microstructure evolution of titanium matrix composites," Int. J. Hydrogen Energy.2018. 43, p. 9838–9847.

[13] K. Shirvanimoghaddam, E. Ghasali, A. Pakseresht, S.M.R.Derakhshandeh, M. Alizadeh, T. Ebadzadeh, M. Naebe, "Super hard carbon microtubes derived from natural cotton for development of high performance titanium composites," J. Alloys Compd. (2019).775 , p. 601–616.

[14] T. Fujii, K. Tohgo, M. Iwao, Y. Shimamura, "Fabrication of alumina-titanium composites by spark plasma sintering and their mechanical properties," J. Alloys Compd 2018. 744, p. 759–768.

[15] Z. Fang, Sintering of advanced materials, Elsevier, 2010.

[16] Schumann, E.J, Advanced processes for titanium sintering, 2014.

[17] Zhang, Z.-H., et al, "The sintering mechanism in spark plasma sintering–proof of the occurrence of spark discharge," (2014). 81, pp. 56-59.

[18] A. Sabahi Namini ,M.Shahedi Asl, A.Delbari, "Influence of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical," Metals and Materials International (2019).

[19] Locci, A.M., et al, "Effect of ball milling on simultaneous spark plasma synthesis and densification of TiC–TiB₂ composites," 2006. 434(1-2), pp. 23-29.

[20] Suárez, M., et al., "Challenges and opportunities for spark plasma sintering," a key technology for a new generation of materials.(2013).13, pp. 319-342.

[21] P. Mohan, D.K. Rajak, C.I. Pruncu, A. Behera, V. Amigó-Borrás, A.B. Elshalakany, "Influence of β-phase stability in elemental blended Ti-Mo and Ti-Mo-Zr alloys," Micron, 102992 (2021) , 142.

[23] V.S. Balaji, S. Kumaran, "Densification and microstructural studies of titanium–boron carbide powder mixture during sparkplasma sintering," Powder Technol. (2014).264 , p. 536–540.

[24] L. Jia, S. Li, H. Imai, B. Chen, K. Kondoh, "Size effect of B₄C powders on metallurgical reaction and resulting tensile properties of Ti matrix composites by in-situ reaction from Ti–B₄C system under a relatively low temperature," Mater. Sci. Eng. (2014) A. 614, pp. 129-135.

[25] L. Jia, X. Wang, B. Chen, H. Imai, S. Li, Z. Lu, K. Kondoh, "Microstructural evolution and competitive reaction behavior of Ti–B₄C system under solid-state sintering," J. Alloys Compd.2016, 687, p. 1004–1011.

[26] S. Xu, C. Zhou, Y. Liu, B. Liu, K. Li, " Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–15Mo–xTiC composites fabricated by in-situ reactive sintering and hot swaging," J. Alloys Compd.2018 ,738, p. 188–196.

[27] M. Shahedi Asl, A. Sabahi Namini, A. Motallebzadeh, M. Azadbeh, "Effects of sintering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered titanium," Mater.Chem. Phys. (2018).203, p. 266–273.

[28] S. Li, K. Kondoh, H. Imai, B. Chen, L. Jia, J. Umeda, "Microstructure and mechanical properties of P/M titanium matrix composites reinforced by in-situ synthesized TiC–TiB," Mater.Sci. Eng. (2015).A. 628, p. 75–83.

[29] D. Annur, I. Kartika, S. Supriadi, B. Suharno, "Titanium and titanium based alloy prepared by spark plasma sintering method for biomedical implant applications," Mater. Res. Express 8, 012001 (2021).

[30] German, R. M., Powder metallurgy science, Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College Rd. E, Princeton, N. J. 08540, U. S. A, 1984. 279.

Volume 13, Issue 50
January 2022
Pages 19-32

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The role of Ex-situ 0.5wt.% B4C reinforcement and later formed In–situ TiC and TiBw on microstructural evolution of Ti-10Mo mixed powder alloy

References

[2] M. Donachie, Titanium a technical guide, ASM international, 2000.

[3] Ltjering, G. and J. Williams, Titanium, Engineering Materials and Processes, Springer Berlin, 2007.

[4] Leyens, C. and M. Peters, Titanium and titanium alloys: fundamentals and applications, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.

[5] Lütjering, G.J.M.S. and E. A, "Influence of processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of (α+β) titanium alloys," (1998).243(1-2), pp. 32-45.

[6] S.A. Delbari, A. Sabahi Namini, M. Shahedi Asl, "Hybrid Ti matrix composites with TiB2 and TiC compounds," Mat. Today.comm, 2019.

[7] D. Hill, Microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium alloys reinforced with titanium boride, The Ohio State University, 2006.

[8] Qian, M. and F.H. Froes, Titanium powder metallurgy, science, technology and applications, 2015.

[9] A. Sabahi Namini, S.A.A. Dilawary, A. Motallebzadeh, M.Shahedi Asl, "Effect of TiB2 addition on the elevated temperature tribological behavior of spark plasma sintered Ti matrix composite," Compos. Part B Eng (2019).172, p. 271–280.

[10] M.D. Hayat, H. Singh, Z. He, P. Cao, "Titanium metal matrix composites:an overview," Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf (2019).121, p. 418–438.

[11] E.L. Calvert, A.J. Knowles, J.J. Pope, D. Dye, M. Jackson, "Novel high strength titanium–titanium composites produced using field assisted sintering technology (FAST)," Scr. Mater. (2019).159, p. 51–57.

[12] X. Wang, L. Wang, F. Yang, L. Luo, H. Yan, X. Liu, X. Li, R.Chen, Y. Su, J. Guo, H. Fu, "Hydrogen induced microstructure evolution of titanium matrix composites," Int. J. Hydrogen Energy.2018. 43, p. 9838–9847.

[13] K. Shirvanimoghaddam, E. Ghasali, A. Pakseresht, S.M.R.Derakhshandeh, M. Alizadeh, T. Ebadzadeh, M. Naebe, "Super hard carbon microtubes derived from natural cotton for development of high performance titanium composites," J. Alloys Compd. (2019).775 , p. 601–616.

[14] T. Fujii, K. Tohgo, M. Iwao, Y. Shimamura, "Fabrication of alumina-titanium composites by spark plasma sintering and their mechanical properties," J. Alloys Compd 2018. 744, p. 759–768.

[15] Z. Fang, Sintering of advanced materials, Elsevier, 2010.

[16] Schumann, E.J, Advanced processes for titanium sintering, 2014.

[17] Zhang, Z.-H., et al, "The sintering mechanism in spark plasma sintering–proof of the occurrence of spark discharge," (2014). 81, pp. 56-59.

[18] A. Sabahi Namini ,M.Shahedi Asl, A.Delbari, "Influence of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical," Metals and Materials International (2019).

[19] Locci, A.M., et al, "Effect of ball milling on simultaneous spark plasma synthesis and densification of TiC–TiB2 composites," 2006. 434(1-2), pp. 23-29.

[20] Suárez, M., et al., "Challenges and opportunities for spark plasma sintering," a key technology for a new generation of materials.(2013).13, pp. 319-342.

[21] P. Mohan, D.K. Rajak, C.I. Pruncu, A. Behera, V. Amigó-Borrás, A.B. Elshalakany, "Influence of β-phase stability in elemental blended Ti-Mo and Ti-Mo-Zr alloys," Micron, 102992 (2021) , 142.

[23] V.S. Balaji, S. Kumaran, "Densification and microstructural studies of titanium–boron carbide powder mixture during sparkplasma sintering," Powder Technol. (2014).264 , p. 536–540.

[24] L. Jia, S. Li, H. Imai, B. Chen, K. Kondoh, "Size effect of B4C powders on metallurgical reaction and resulting tensile properties of Ti matrix composites by in-situ reaction from Ti–B4C system under a relatively low temperature," Mater. Sci. Eng. (2014) A. 614, pp. 129-135.

[25] L. Jia, X. Wang, B. Chen, H. Imai, S. Li, Z. Lu, K. Kondoh, "Microstructural evolution and competitive reaction behavior of Ti–B4C system under solid-state sintering," J. Alloys Compd.2016, 687, p. 1004–1011.

[26] S. Xu, C. Zhou, Y. Liu, B. Liu, K. Li, " Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–15Mo–xTiC composites fabricated by in-situ reactive sintering and hot swaging," J. Alloys Compd.2018 ,738, p. 188–196.

[27] M. Shahedi Asl, A. Sabahi Namini, A. Motallebzadeh, M. Azadbeh, "Effects of sintering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered titanium," Mater.Chem. Phys. (2018).203, p. 266–273.

[28] S. Li, K. Kondoh, H. Imai, B. Chen, L. Jia, J. Umeda, "Microstructure and mechanical properties of P/M titanium matrix composites reinforced by in-situ synthesized TiC–TiB," Mater.Sci. Eng. (2015).A. 628, p. 75–83.

[29] D. Annur, I. Kartika, S. Supriadi, B. Suharno, "Titanium and titanium based alloy prepared by spark plasma sintering method for biomedical implant applications," Mater. Res. Express 8, 012001 (2021).

[30] German, R. M., Powder metallurgy science, Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College Rd. E, Princeton, N. J. 08540, U. S. A, 1984. 279.

Volume 13, Issue 50January 2022Pages 19-32

Files

History

Share

How to cite

Statistics

[6] S.A. Delbari, A. Sabahi Namini, M. Shahedi Asl, "Hybrid Ti matrix composites with TiB₂ and TiC compounds," Mat. Today.comm, 2019.

[19] Locci, A.M., et al, "Effect of ball milling on simultaneous spark plasma synthesis and densification of TiC–TiB₂ composites," 2006. 434(1-2), pp. 23-29.

[24] L. Jia, S. Li, H. Imai, B. Chen, K. Kondoh, "Size effect of B₄C powders on metallurgical reaction and resulting tensile properties of Ti matrix composites by in-situ reaction from Ti–B₄C system under a relatively low temperature," Mater. Sci. Eng. (2014) A. 614, pp. 129-135.

[25] L. Jia, X. Wang, B. Chen, H. Imai, S. Li, Z. Lu, K. Kondoh, "Microstructural evolution and competitive reaction behavior of Ti–B₄C system under solid-state sintering," J. Alloys Compd.2016, 687, p. 1004–1011.

Volume 13, Issue 50
January 2022
Pages 19-32