The Effect of Adding Nanodiamond Particles and Heat Treatment on Hardness and Wear Resistance of Ni-P-Nanodiamond Electroless Nanocomposite Coatings

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• M. Niknezhad
• M. Mirjani
• S. Borji

Abstract

     Ni-P electroless composite coatings are produced by hard or soft particles in Ni-P matrices. In the co-deposition particles, nanodiamonds have a very high hardness, biological compatibility, high chemical stability and good resistance to abrasive and harsh environments,. In this study Ni–P nanodiamond composite coatings were deposited in various  nanodiamond concentration on steel substrates. The effect of adding nanodiamonds and heat treatment on morphology, crystalline structure, hardness and wear resistance were investigated by FESEM, XRD, micro Vickers and pin on disk. The results demonstrated that coating produced  with 0.6 g/l nanodiamond concentration had highest particles incorporation and hardness. The crystalline structure composite coating was finer and surface morphology changed. Also the heat treated composite coating had the highest wear resistance at 400⁰C for an hr. The mechanisms of improvement of the tribological properties of the electroless composite coating are also discussed.       

Keywords

• composite
• electroless
• hardness
• morphology – nanodiamond

20.1001.1.22285946.1395.7.26.5.1

---

References

1- M. Schlesinger, M. Paunovic, Modern Electroplating, fifth edition, chapter18, P.447-458, John Wiley, 2010.  
                                                                                                                                                             
2- G.O Mallory, J.B Hajdu, Ectroless Plating Fundamentals and Applications, Reprint Edition, American, Electroplaters and Surface Finishers Society, New York, Noyes Publications, 1990.     

3- G.G Gawrilov , Chemical (Electroless) Nickel Plating, Portcullis Press Ltd, Surrey, 1979.         
                                                    
4- D.W Baudrand and the ASM Committee on Electroless, Electroless Nickel Plating, ASM Handbook, Vol 5, 1994. 

5- K.H Krishnan, S. John, K.N Srinivasan, J. Praveen “An Overall Aspect of Electroless Ni-P Depositions—A Review Article”,  Metallurgical and Materials Transactions,37, P.1918-1926, 2006.

6- R. Taheri, “Evaluation of Electroless Nickel-Phosphorus (EN) Coatings”, PhD Thesis,, Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, 2003.                           
      
7- J.M Odekerken, U.S Patent. 3,644,183,  “Process for coating an object with a bright nickel/chromium coating ” 1972.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

8- J.N Balaraju, K.S Rajam, “ Electroless Deposition and Characterization of High Phosphorus Ni-P-Si3N4 Composite Coatings”, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. No.2, P. 747 – 761,2007.     

9- J.N Balaraju, T.S.N Sankara Narayanan, S.K Seshadri “Electroless Ni–P composite coatings”, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 33, P. 807–816, 2003.                                                           
10- N. Feldstein, Electroless Plating Fundamentals and Applications,  Electroplaters and Surface Finishers Society, chapter11, New York, Noyes Publications,1990.                   

11- ر. سلیمانی گیلاکجانی و ف. محبوبی، "بررسی رفتار تریبولوژیکی پوشش کامپوزیتی Ni-P-SiC ایجاد شده روی آلیاژ آلومینیوم Al6061 به روش آبکاری شیمیایی"، مجله مواد نوین، دوره 5، شماره 19، صفحه 9-1، 1394.    

12- C. Gheorghies, G.Carac,” Preparation and Structural Characterization of Nickel/Alumina Nano-Particles Composite Coatings”, J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater., 8, P.1234–1237, 2006.
                                                                                                                                         13- Ch. Li, Y.Wang, Zh. Pan “Wear Resistance Enhancement of Electroless Nanocomposite Coatings Via Incorporation of Alumina Nanoparticles Prepared By Milling”, Materials and Design, 47, P. 443–448, 2013.             
 
14- K. Lakoubovski, M.V Baidakova, B.H Wouters, A. Stesmans, “Structure and Defects of Detonation Synthesis Nanodiamond”, Diamond and Related Materials, 9, P. 861-865, 2000.        
 
15- H.Matsubara, Y. Abe, Y. Chiba, H. Nishiyama, N. Saito, K. Hodouchi, “Co-deposition Mechanism of Nanodiamond With Electrolessly Plated Nickel films”, Electrochimica Acta, 52, P. 3047-3052, 2007.                                            
  16- C.C Hung, C.C Lin, H.C Shih, “Tribological Studies of Electroless Nickel/Diamond Composite Coatings on Steels”, Diamond & Related Materials, 17, P. 853-859, 2008.                       

17- V.V.N Reddy, B. Ramamoorthy “A Study On The Wear Resistance of Electroless Ni–P/Diamond Composite Coatings”, Wear, 239, P.111-116, 2000.                                                                        18- Y. Zhu, Y. Chen, Ch. Zhu,, “Ni-P-Nanodiamond Composite Electroless Plating”,  Acta Metall. Sin.Engl. Lett, 23, 6,P. 409-415, 2010.         
                     
 19- H. Mazaheri, S.R. Allahkaram,” Deposition, Characterization and Electrochemical Evaluation of Ni–P–Nanodiamond Composite Coatings”, Surface Science, 258, P. 4574–4580, 2012.           

 20-M. Abdoli, A. Sabour Rouhaghdam,” Preparation and Characterization of Ni–P/ Nanodiamond Coatings:Effects of Surfactants”, Diamond & Related Materials, 31, P. 30–37, 2013.

21-H. Xu, Z. Yang, M. Li “Synthesis and Properties of Electroless Ni–P–Nanometer Diamond Composite Coatings”, Surface & Coatings Technology, 191, P.161-165, 2005.                                                                    

22- م. نیک نژاد، م. میرجانی، س. برجی، " بررسی تأثیر تغییرات pH محلول و دورهمزن بر سختی و میزان مشارکت نانوالماس در پوشش کامپوزیتی نیکل فسفر نانوالماس ایجاد شده به روش الکترولس" دومین همایش بین المللی و هفتمین همایش مشترک انجمن مهندسی متالورژی ایران و انجمن علمی ریخته گری ایران، دانشگاه سمنان، 1392.

23- L.J Durney, “ Electroplating engineering handbook”, fourth edition, hardcover,1984.

24- م. عبدی، "بررسی تاثیر پارامترهای آبکاری بر خواص نانوکامپوزیت الکتروفرم‌شده مس – الماس"، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه مالک اشتر تهران، 1389.
                                                                                       25- ف. قادری و ا. شریفی، "بررسی گروه­های سطحی نانوالماس سنتز شده به روش انفجاری به وسیله تکنیک FT-IR و زتا سایزر"،  همایش ملی مواد نو، پژوهشگاه مواد و انرژی، 1387.

26- Y.W Zhu, X.Q Shen, B.C Wang, “Chemical Mechanical Modification of Nanodiamond in Aqueous System”, Physics of the Solid State, 46, 4, p. 681-684, 2004.                                                   

27- Y. Zhanzheng, L.V Guangshu, C. Gangyi “Study on Technology of Electroless Nanodiamond Composite Coating”, New Technology & New Process, 9, P. 50-52, 2006.

28- X.T Huang, C. Gangyi, “Technology For Nanodiamond Electroless Composite Plating and Properties of Coating”, Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol.26-28, P. 843-846, 2010.

29- M.Zaimi, Effect of Bath Condition During Ni-P Electroless plating, ICCE-17 Conference, vol 6 , 2009.

30- H.R Ghasemi, A.A Ziaei. D. shahriari, “Tribological Characterization of Electroless Ni–10% P , Coatings at Elevated Test Temperature Under Dry Conditions”, Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 62, P. 1063–1070, 2012.            

 31- M.  Ebrahimian-Hosseinabadi, K. Azari-Dorcheh, S.M Monirvaghefi, “Wear Behavior of Electroless Ni–P–B₄C Composite Coatings”, Wear, 260, P.123–127, 2006.                                      
                                                                                                                         
32- M. Mohammadi, M. Ghorbani, “Wear and Corrosion Properties of Electroless Nickel Composite Coatings With PTFE and/or MoS2 Particles”, J. Coat. Technol. Res., 8, P. 527-533, 2011.