Graphene nanosheets film by plasma electrolysis deposition

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

In this research, cathodic plasma electrolysis, as a novel surface coating process, was studied for formation of graphene nano-sheets coating on nickel surface. In this process, the plasma is formed around the cathode by application of high voltage between two electrodes with different surface area and graphene nano-sheet produced from electrolyte contain ethanol as carbon precursor and deposited on substrate by formation of plasma at atmosphere pressure in one step and short time. The quality of coating is studied by using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The intensity and the position of Raman spectrum bands confirm formation of turbostratic graphene nano-sheets with maximum 10 layers on surface. An increase of process time cause to a slightly increase in thickness at graphene layers and a reduction at structural defects of layers. The effect of laser wavelengths on Raman spectrum by using 633 and 785 nm laser were shown an increase at firs order scattering, D and G and a reduction at second order scattering, 2D and D'' bands intensity.

Keywords


 1- T. Zhang, Q. Xue, S. Zhang, M. Dong, “Theoretical Approaches to Graphene and Graphene-based Materials”, Nano Today, vol. 7, pp. 180-200, 2012.        
2- W. Choi, I. Lahiri, R. Seelaboyina, Y. S. Kang, “Synthesis of Graphene and Its Applications: A Review”, Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences, vol. 35, pp. 52-71, 2010.    
3- S. K. Jerng, D. S. Yu, Y. S. Kim, J. Ryou, S. Hong, C. Kim, S. Yoon, D. K. Efetov, P. Kim, S. H. Chun, “Nanocrystalline Graphite Growth on Sapphire by Carbon Molecular Beam Epitaxy”, Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 115, pp. 4491-4494, 2011.     
4- S. Park, R. S. Ruoff, “Chemical Methods for the Production of Graphenes”, Nature Nanotechnology, 2009, doi: 10.1038/nnano.2009.58.
5- سمانه صاحبیان سقی، سید مجتبی زبرجد، جلیل وحدتی خاکی، آندرلا لاترزی، "تزیین نانولوله‌های کربنی با نانوذرات نیکل به روش شیمی‌ تر و بررسی خواص
مغناطیسی آن"، مجله مواد نوین، جلد 5، شماره 3، ص
 111-122، 1394.          

6- M. Mao, M. Wang, J. Hu, G. Lei, S. Chen, H. Liu,” Simultaneous Electrochemical Synthesis of Few-Layer Graphene Flakes on Both Electrodes in Protic Ionic Liquids”, Chemistry Communication, vol. 49, pp. 5301-5303, 2013.
7- L. Huang , B. Wu , J.Chen , Y. Xue , D. Geng , Y. Guo , G. Yu , Y. Liu, “Gram-Scale Synthesis of Graphene Sheets by a Catalytic Arc-Discharge Method”, Small, vol. 9, pp. 1330-1335, 2013.           
8- J. H. Kim, E. J. D. Castro, Y. G. Hwang, C. H. Lee, “Synthesis of Few-layer Graphene on a Ni Substrate by Using DC Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PE-CVD)”, Journal of the Korean Physical Society, vol. 58, pp. 53-57, 2011.   
9 -D.V. Thanh, H. C. Chen, L. J. Li, C. W. Chu, K. H. Wei, “Plasma Electrolysis Allows the Facile and Efficient Production of Graphite Oxide from Recycled Graphite”, RSC Advanced, vol. 3, pp. 17402-17410, 2013.           
10- S. Kim, R. Sergiienko, E. Shibata, Y. Hayasaka, T. Nakamura, “Production of Graphite Nanosheets by Low-Current Plasma Discharge in Liquid Ethanol”, Materials Transactions, Vol. 51, pp. 1455-1459, 2010.       
11- S. J. An, Y. Zhu, S. H. Lee, M. D. Stoller, T. Emilsson, S. Park, A. Velamakanni, J. An, R. S. Ruoff, “Thin Film Fabrication and Simultaneous Anodic Reduction of Deposited Graphene Oxide Platelets by Electrophoretic Deposition”, Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, vol. 1, pp. 1259–1263, 2010.  
12- A. L. Yerokhin, X. Nie, A. Leyland, A. Matthews, S. J. Dowey, “Plasma Electrolysis for Surface Engineering”, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 122, pp. 73-93, 1999.          
13- T. Paulmier, J.M. Bell, P.M. Fredericks, “Deposition of Nano-crystalline Graphite Films by Cathodic Plasma Electrolysis”, Thin Solid Films, vol. 515, pp. 2926-2934, 2007.       
14- L. M. Malard, M. A. Pimenta, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus, “Raman Spectroscopy in Graphene”, Physics Reports, vol. 473, pp. 51-87, 2009.
15- A.C. Ferrari, “Determination of Bonding in Diamond-like Carbon by Raman Spectroscopy”, Diamond and Related Materials, vol. 11, pp. 1053-1061, 2002.
16- N. Shimodaira, A. Masui, “Raman Spectroscopic Investigations of Activated Carbon Materials”, Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 92, pp. 902-909, 2002.
17- A. C. Ferrari, J. Robertson, “Raman Spectroscopy of Amorphous, Nanostructured, Diamond-like Carbon, and Nanodiamond”, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 362, pp. 2477-2512, 2004.
18- M. Mowry, D. Palaniuk, C. C. Luhrs, S. Osswald, “In Situ Raman Spectroscopy and Thermal Analysis of the Formation of Nitrogen-doped Graphene from Urea and Graphite Oxide”, RSC Advanced, vol. 3, pp. 21763-21775, 2013.  
19- D. R. Lenski, M. S. Fuhrer, “Raman and Optical Characterization of Multilayer Turbostratic Graphene Grown via Chemical Vapor Deposition”, Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 110, pp. 013720, 2011.
20- A. Reina, X. Jia, J. Ho, D. Nezich, H. Son, V. Bulovic, M. S. Dresselhaus, J. Kong, “Large Area, Few-Layer Graphene Films on Arbitrary Substrates by Chemical Vapor Deposition”, Nano Letters, vol. 9, pp. 30-35, 2009. 
21- A. H. C. Sirk, D. R. Sadoway, “Electrochemical Synthesis of Diamond-like Carbon Films”, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 155, pp. 49-55, 2008.