Modification of mechanical properties of friction stir welded AM60 magnesium alloy with changing rotational speed and addition of nano alumina particles

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• Arash Behzadinezhad ¹
• Abbas mohassel ²
• Hamid Omidvar ³
• Nader Setoudeh ⁴

¹ M.Sc Student, Materials Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Materials Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

³ Associate Professor, Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran

⁴ Associate Professor- Materials Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

10.30495/jnm.2022.28682.1932

Abstract

In this study mechanical properties of friction stir welded AM60 magnesium alloy in existence and lacking of alumina nanoparticles were examined. Microscopical analysis revealed peak condition could be made in 1200 rpm rotational speed, not only in the absence of reinforcing alumina nanoparticles but also in the presence of them. Adverse effects of higher strains in lowering grain size and higher temperatures in grain growth should be considered. In the existence of alumina nanoparticles in the matrix some areas of low content aluminum formed besides of high aluminum content of intermetallic compounds regions. Higher hardness and ultimate tensile strength achieved in optimum 1200 rpm rotational speed not only with alumina nanoparticles but also in the absence of alumina nanoparticles condition. Higher stresses and therefore lower agglomerated alumina nanoparticles resulted with increasing rotational speed. With alumina nanoparticles in matrix, lower grain size, higher hardness and higher ultimate tensile strength was attained.

Keywords

• friction stir welding
• AM60 alloy
• mechanical properties
• intermetallic compounds
• rotational speed

20.1001.1.22285946.1400.12.45.4.3

---

References

 

[1]          Kulekci, M. K, Magnesium and its alloys applications in automotive industry, Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 2008: 39:851–865, [DOI:10.1007/s00170-007-1279-2] 

[2]          Threadgill, P. L., Leonard, A. J., Shercliff, H. R. and Withers, P. J.; Friction stir welding of aluminium alloys. International Materials Reviews, 2009:54 (2): 49-93. , [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/174328009X411136] 

[3] Mardalizadeh M., Safarkhanian M.A., Solaymani M. R. (2019), Influence of Friction Stir Welding Parameters on Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties in Lap Joints of 5456Aluminum Alloy, Journal of New Materials,Vol. 10, No. 36, pp. 141-156 [In Persian, 1398]. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=729089.

 [4]         Chai F., Zhang D.T., Li Y.Y.. Effect of rotation speeds on microstructures and tensile properties of submerged friction stir processed AZ31 magnesium alloy. Materials Research Innovations 2014;18(sup4) 152-156. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/1432891714Z.000000000673] 

[5]          L. Ceschini, I. Boromei, G. Minak, A. Morri, F. Tarterini, Effect of friction stir welding on microstructure, tensile and fatigue properties of the AA7005/10 vol.%Al2O3p composite, Compos. Sci. Technol.,2007: 67(3-4): 605-615. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.07.029] 

                [6]X.G. Chen, M.D. Silva, P. Gougeon, L.S. Georges, Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA6063–B4C metal matrix composites, Mater. Sci. Eng. A,2009: 518 (1-2): 174-184, [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.04.052]

 [7]         S. Gopalakrishnan, N. Murugan, Prediction of the tensile strength of friction stir welded aluminium matrix TiCp particulate reinforced composite, Mater. Des.,2011: 32(1) :462-467, [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.05.055]

                [8]W. Lee, C.Y. Lee, M.K. Kim, J.I. Yoon, Y. Kim, S.B. Jung, Microstructures and wear property of friction stir welded AZ91 Mg/SiC particle `reinforced composite, Compo Sci. Technol.2006: 66 (11–12): 1513-1520, [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.11.023]

[9]          S. Richmire, K. Hall, M. Haghshenas, Design of experiment study on hardness variations in friction stir welding of AM60 Mg alloy, Journal of Magnesium and Alloys,2018: 6 (3): 215–228, [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2018.07.00]

[10]   iu D, Tang Y, Shen M, Hu Y and Zhao L, Analysis of Weak Zones in Friction Stir Welded Magnesium Alloys from the Viewpoint of Local Texture: A Short Review, Metals, 2018; 970 (8):1-16. [DOI:10.3390/met8110970]

[11]   Ren W, Xin R, Tan C, Liu D, Texture Related Inhomogeneous Deformation and Fracture Localization in Friction-Stir-Welded Magnesium Alloys: A Review, Frontiers in Materials, 2020; 6 (339):1-10. [DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2019.00339]

[12]       P. Bassani1, E. Gariboldi, A. Tuissi, Calorimetric analysis of AM60 magnesium alloy, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2005: 80 (3):739–747[DOI: 10.1007/s10973-005-0723-5] 

[13]       U. F. Al-Qawabeha,, Effect of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties, Microhardness, and Impact Energy of H13 Alloy Steel, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research ,2017:8(2): 100-104. https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper/Effect-of-Heat-Treatment-on-the-Mechanical-Properties-Microhardness-and-Impact-Energy-of-H13-Alloy-Steel.pdf.

[14]       Azizieh M., Mazaheri M., Balak Z., Kafashan H. and Kim H. S.. Fabrication of Mg/Al12Mg17 in-situ surface nanocomposite via friction stir processing. Materials Science and Engineering, 2018: A (712): 655-662. [DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.12.030] 

[15]       Yin Y., Ikuta A., North T., Microstructural features and mechanical properties of AM60 and AZ31 friction stir spot welds. Materials & Design 2010;31(10):4764–4776. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.05.005]

[16]       Feng A., Ma Z., Enhanced mechanical properties of Mg–Al–Zn cast alloy via friction stir processing. Scripta Materialia 2007:56(5):397–400. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.10.035]

[17]       Richmire S, Sharifi P, Haghshenas M. On microstructure, hardness, and fatigue properties of friction stir-welded AM60 cast magnesium alloy. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2018:98(5-8): 2157-2172. [doi:10.1007/s00170-018-2375-1]

[18]   Asgar-Khan M. and Medraj M., Thermodynamic description of the Mg-Mn, Al-Mn and Mg-Al-Mn systems using the modified quasichemical model for the liquid phases, Materials Transactions, 2009: 50(5): 1113-1122 [doi:10.2320/matertrans.MRA2008484]

[19]       Hasani B.M., Hedaiatmofidi H., Zarebidaki A. Effect of friction stir process on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of AZ91 Mg alloy. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2021;267:124672. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.124672]

 [20]      Mironov S, Motohashi Y, Ito T, Goloborodko A, Funami K, Kaibyshev R. Feasibility of friction stir welding for joining and microstructure refinement in a ZK60 magnesium alloy. Materials Transactions, 2007: 48 (12): 3140-3148. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.MRA2007177]

[21]       Gao Y., Morisada Y., Fujii H., Liao J., Dissimilar friction stir lap welding of magnesium to aluminum using plasma electrolytic oxidation interlayer. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2018:711(10):109–118. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.11.034]

[22]       Mertens A., Simar A., Adrien J., Maire E., Montrieux H.-M., Delannay F., et al. Influence of fibre distribution and grain size on the mechanical behaviour of friction stir processed Mg–C composites. Materials Characterization 2015:107:125–133. [doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2015.07.010]

[23]       Abdollahi S.H., Karimzadeh F., Enayati M.H., Development of surface composite based on Mg–Al–Ni system on AZ31 magnesium alloy and evaluation of formation mechanism. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2015;623:335–341.